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胸腔积液（胸水）细胞学检查是项较困难的诊断工作，对恶性肿瘤的诊断只有找到恶性肿瘤细胞才能确诊。因涂片中间皮细胞形态复杂多变，加上原发性肿瘤与各种不同类型的转移性肿瘤细胞形态各异，给细胞学工作在诊断中带来一定的困难，这就需要有较丰富的经验和大量的图片知识。
Pleural effusion (pleural effusion) cytology is a relatively difficult diagnostic task. Diagnosis of malignant tumors can only be diagnosed by finding malignant cells. Due to the complex and changeable shape of the mesothelial cells in smears, together with the different forms of primary tumors and various types of metastatic tumor cells, it is difficult to diagnose cytology work, which requires more Experience and a lot of picture knowledge.