本文报告2例被误诊为直肠癌的直肠结核,其中1例同时伴有回肠结核。例1 女性,54岁,腹胀稀便7个月入院。患者每日大便3～4次,最多7～8次,时有里急后重及下坠感,大便曾带血一次。食欲明显减退,体重减轻。无发热、盗汗。查体:营养不良,消瘦明显,面色苍白。腹部膨隆,可见肠型,全下腹轻度压痛,肛门指诊位于10～11点处可触及一肿物边缘,压痛(+),可活动。Hb 10.9g,WBC 8600,钡灌肠检查提示乙状结肠上端(降结肠肠腔狭窄,未见到粘膜破坏。乙状结肠镜检查:镜筒进入10cm受阻,充气后仍不能通过,在10～12点位置发现环形菜花样肿物,表面苍白,轻度渗血、糜烂,活检病理诊 This article reports 2 cases of rectal cancer misdiagnosed as rectal tuberculosis, of which 1 case accompanied by ileal tuberculosis. Example 1 Female, 54 years old, bloating loose stool 7 months admission. Patients stool 3 to 4 times a day, up to 7 to 8 times, when there is a tenesmus and fall sense of stool once bloody. Appetite decreased significantly, weight loss. No fever, night sweats. Physical examination: malnutrition, weight loss significantly, pale. Abdominal bulging, visible intestinal type, the lower abdomen mild tenderness, anal palpation at 10 to 11 points can reach a tumor edge, tenderness (+), can be active. Hb 10.9g, WBC 8600, barium enema examination showed that the upper end of the sigmoid colon (lower bowel stenosis, mucosal damage is not seen.) Sigmoidoscopy: tube into the 10cm obstruction, still can not pass after inflatable, found in the ring 10 ~ 12 position Cauliflower tumor, pale surface, mild oozing, erosion, biopsy pathology