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先秦古书的年代问题,一直是研究古代学术思想的基础,深受重视。不过许多过去所形成的定论,近来遭到了反对和挑战。近些年出土的简帛古书,不仅直接揭示了一些古书的形成年代,更使我们对过去的观念和方法有了反思。但是国际汉学界对有关问题的看法却并不统一,其中与中国学界差别较大的是今文《尚书》和《墨子》“十论”中一些篇章形成年代的问题。分析其具有代表性的断代方法及其结论,指出其不足,并可以利用古书形成过程中的“族本”观念来解释有关问题。
The era of the ancient books of the pre-Qin period, has been the basis for the study of ancient academic thought, deeply valued. However, many of the conclusions formed in the past have recently been opposed and challenged. The ancient books of bamboo and silk unearthed in recent years have not only directly revealed the formation ages of some ancient books, but also made us reflect on the concepts and methods of the past. However, the views of the international sinology community on the related issues are not uniform. The major difference from the Chinese academic circles is the formation of some of the passages in the Shangshu and Mozi ten doctrines. This paper analyzes its representative method and conclusion of the dynasties, points out its shortcomings, and can explain the related issues by using the concept of “family ” in the process of the formation of ancient books.