夏克—哈特曼（S－H）传感器的探测误差是自适应光学系统的一个主要误差源。本文主要分析了S-H传感器的系统误差和随机误差，其误差源包括：CCD相机的读出噪声和背景电平，探测的像素数以及光子噪声。通过在计算哈特曼传感器子光斑质心时设定一个阈值可以大大提高传感器的探测精度。本文同时列举了实验数据和理论分析结果。 The detection error of Shack-Hartmann (S-H) sensors is a major source of error in adaptive optics. In this paper, the systematic errors and random errors of the S-H sensor are mainly analyzed. The error sources include the readout noise and background level of the CCD camera, the number of pixels detected and the photon noise. By setting a threshold when calculating the mass center of the Hartman sensor sub-spot, the detection accuracy of the sensor can be greatly improved. This article also lists the experimental data and theoretical analysis results.