晋商作为明清十大商帮之一,是近年来经济史研究领域中备受关注的热点乃至成为显学,特别对其家族演变、经商特点、金融业务及其管理制度等方方面面的研究成果不断问世,使得晋商研究的高度在不断提升。但是,晋商的兴起、发展和衰落的国际环境如何,却至今没有引起学术界的高度重 As one of the top ten merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the merchants are the hot spots that have drawn much attention in the field of economic history research in recent years, and even have become significant studies. In particular, the research achievements of the merchants in various aspects such as family evolution, business traits, financial services and their management systems With the advent of the world, the height of the study of Shanxi merchants is continuously improving. However, how the rise, development and decline of the Shanxi merchants’ international environment has so far failed to attract academic attention