微生物组(microbiome)是指人体内外“定居”的所有微生物的总称,也可以称为菌群(microbiota)~([1-3])。菌群与疾病的关系是近年来生物医学研究领域的大热门课题~([4])。截至2017年4月底,我们以“Gut microbiome”或“Gut microbiota”和“Obesity”或“Diabetes”作为检索关键词,在Pub Med数据库检索出1 949篇论文,其中综述性论文有1 076篇,占总篇数的55.2%;研究性论文873篇,占44.8%。在研究性论文中以人群为对象的有292篇,仅占 The microbiome refers to the collective name of all microorganisms that “settle” inside and outside the human body and may also be referred to as microbiota ~ ([1-3]). The relationship between flora and disease is a hot topic in the field of biomedical research in recent years ~ ([4]). As of the end of April 2017, we retrieved 1 949 papers from the Pub Med database using “Gut microbiome” or “Gut microbiota” and “Obesity” or “Diabetes” as keywords There are 1 076 review papers, accounting for 55.2% of the total; 873 research papers, accounting for 44.8%. In the research papers for the population as the object of 292, accounting for only