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家庭是劳动力再生产的基本场所,通过影响劳动力价值并改变剩余价值大小,家务劳动作为资本主义生产方式的外围地带对资本积累提供了持续的补贴。然而,资本在推动更多剩余劳动供给和享受家务劳动的无偿补贴之间长期面临着矛盾权衡,这就使得女性“就业”与“回家”的抉择始终从属于资本积累的需要。20世纪中期以来,家务劳动的社会化主要表现为福利国家主导的公共服务供给和家务劳动商品化两类形式,前者可在一定程度上分担家庭的劳动力再生产成本,推动了女性就业且客观上有助于工人整体的市场地位改善;新自由主义时代家务劳动的进一步商品化则使劳动力再生产愈加受制于资本的权力,且加剧了工人阶级内部的分化。福利国家的制度变迁服务于资本积累体制演变,亦难以独立推动女性从家务劳动中的解放。
The family is the basic place for the reproduction of the labor force. By influencing the value of the labor force and changing the size of the surplus value, the peripheral area of domestic labor as the capitalist mode of production provides continuous subsidies for capital accumulation. However, the long-standing contradiction between capital and the unpaid subsidies that promote more surplus labor and domestic labor, makes the choice between women’s employment and returning home always subordinated to the need for capital accumulation . Since the middle of the 20th century, the socialization of housework has mainly manifested itself in the forms of public service supply and housework commercialization led by the welfare state. The former can to some extent share the labor cost of reproduction of the family, promote the employment of women and objectively Helping to improve the overall market position of workers. Further commercialization of housework in the neoliberal era has made the reproduction of labor increasingly restricted by the power of capital and exacerbated the division within the working class. Institutional changes in the welfare state serve the evolution of the capital accumulation system and it is also difficult to independently promote the liberation of women from domestic work.