目的了解江西省南昌市农村居民生存质量及其影响因素。方法用多阶段分层抽样的方法,采用世界卫生组织制定的生存质量测定量表对1 970名农村居民进行家庭健康问卷调查。结果南昌市农村居民总体生存质量平均得分为73.47分,生理、心理、社会关系及环境领域的平均得分分别为24.57、20.21、13.44、11.85分;55岁～随着年龄增长,总体生存质量评分呈下降趋势;多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、每周定时吃饭次数是农民生存质量的影响因素。结论南昌市农村居民总体生存质量水平偏低。 Objective To understand the quality of life and its influencing factors of rural residents in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to survey the health of 1 970 rural residents using the questionnaire of quality of life established by World Health Organization. Results The average life quality of rural residents in Nanchang was 73.47 points, and the average scores of physical, psychological, social relations and environment were 24.57,20.21,13.44,11.85 points, 55 years old. The overall quality of life scores were The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, educational level, marital status and number of times of meals per week were the influencing factors of farmers’ quality of life. Conclusion The overall quality of life of rural residents in Nanchang is low.