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〔译者按:《视听手段的使用方法》是一本阐述在俄语(作为外语)课上如何使用视听教学手段问题的参考书。作者在序言部分中写道: 夸大在掌握语言过程中直观语义化的作用,过份热衷于训练性练习而削弱了创造性练习等等,都是苏联教学法文献中所认为的现代国外教学法在课堂上贯彻直观性原则时的一系列缺点。从五十年代起,苏联心理学家和教学法家就致力于研究在非本族语教学中使用直观性原则的问题。从普通教学论中教学的自觉性原则出发,综合、系统地来解决在语言课上使用直观手段问题。这一倾向是苏联教学法的特点。在大学语言课上使用视听手段,只有在下述场合才能有助于强化教学过程,提高教学过程的效率和质量。如果:①教学过程具有系统性和综合性;②教学中推荐使用的材料组成一个合乎教学目的任务的体系;③这个体系是全套语言材料中的有机组成部分,而不只是这一套材料的补充或附属。需要指出的是,任何视听手段的使用只有在具备下述先决条件时才有必要:①没有相应的手段,教学目的则无法达到;②教学目的的达到要少花精力,效率要高。下面是该书第一章《教学中的直观性原则》的摘译。〕
[Translator’s Note: “How to Use Audiovisual Techniques” is a reference book that explains how to use audio-visual teaching methods in Russian as a foreign language. The author wrote in the preamble that exaggerating the role of intuitive semantics in mastery of language, over-enthusiasm for training exercises and impassioned creative exercises are all aspects of the modern foreign pedagogy that the Soviet pedagogy literature considers A series of shortcomings in carrying out the principle of intuition in class. Since the 1950s, Soviet psychologists and pedagogics devoted themselves to the study of the use of intuitive principles in teaching non-native speakers. Based on the principle of teaching self-consciousness in general teaching theory, we can comprehensively and systematically solve the problem of using visual means in language class. This tendency is characteristic of the Soviet pedagogy. The use of audiovisual techniques in college language classes can only reinforce the teaching process and enhance the efficiency and quality of the teaching process. If: ① the teaching process is systematic and comprehensive; ② the recommended materials used in teaching form a system that is suitable for teaching purposes; ③ the system is an integral part of the full set of language materials, not just the complement of this set of materials Or attached. It should be pointed out that the use of any audio-visual means is only necessary if the following preconditions are met: (1) there is no corresponding means and the teaching purpose can not be achieved; (2) the teaching objective is less energy-intensive and more efficient. The following is an excerpt of the first chapter, “Principles of Intuition in Teaching.” ]