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[焦点一] 一般现在时主要由动词原形担当主角,它常用来表示:1. 经常性或习惯性的动作; 2. 现在存在的特征或状态; 3. 普遍真理、客观事实等; 4. 某些表示位移或想法的动词,如come, go, move, leave, start,begin, want等,可用一般现在时表将来。例如:
I go to school on foot.
我步行上学。
There are seven days in a week.
一个星期有七天。
He can swim.
他会游泳。
I leave here at 6:30 tomorrow morning.
我明天早上六点半离开这儿。
注意:不少表经常性的时间状语常来“捧场”,像often, usually, sometimes, every day/week, on Sundays等,聪明的同学解题时往往以此为突破口,轻松答题。
[焦点二] 一般现在时的陈述句形式有五大种:
1. 主语+系动词+表语。例如:
There is a river behind my house.
我家后面有一条河。
2. 主语+不及物动词。例如:
We usually go to bed at 9:30 p.m.
我们常常九点半睡觉。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:
She often has porridge for breakfast.
她经常早餐吃稀饭。
4.(1)主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。例如:
Miss Hu teaches us Chinese.
胡老师教我们语文。
(2)主语+及物动词+直接宾语(物)+to/for+间接宾语(人)。例如:
My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.
我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:
You must keep the ground clean.
你们必须保持地面整洁。
[焦点三] 一般疑问句的特点有两个:
1. be动词(am/is/are)与情态动词(can, must, could, would等)为了“一般现在时的一般疑问句形式”这个共同的目标,它们直接“抢至”主语前(即跟主语位置对调)。例如:
Danny is a good student.
→ Is Danny a good student?
We can see some pictures on the wall.
→ Can you see any pictures on the wall?
2. 句中没有am,is,are,can,must等系动词或助动词时,变一般疑问句要在其句首加助动词do或does。例如:
We have six classes a day.
→ —Do you have six classes a day?
—Yes, we do. /No, we don’t.
Jack likes Chinese food very much.
→ —Does Jack like Chinese food very much?
—Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t.
[焦点四] 变否定句有困难,找am,is,are,can,must,could,would等来帮忙!找到就别客气,直接在其后加not!例如:
The twins can speak Chinese.
→ The twins can’t/cannot speak Chinese.
句中没有系动词或情态动词时则加do/does not构成否定句。例如:
My good friend Jack likes Chinese food.
→ My good friend Jack doesn’t like Chinese food.
注意:“I think...”句型变否定句时要以think为中心。例如:
I don’t think he is right.
口语中,因no相当于not any,所以不少名词前也常用no构成否定,尤其是在there be或 have/has句式中。例如:
I have no time (= not any time) to do the housework.
我没时间干家务活了。
[焦点五] 变特殊疑问句,是在一般疑问句前加相应的特殊疑问词,回答则据实相告。例如:
We often get up at 6:30. (→Do you often get up at 6:30?)
→ When do you often get up? (At 6:30.)
[焦点六] 选择疑问句以特殊疑问句或一般疑问句的相关人物、时间、地点等为基础,在其后以or为纽带连接一个或多个选择项目供候选。回答时不用Yes或No。例如:
We can see a picture on the wall. (a map)
→ What can you see on the wall, a picture or a map? 或Can you see a picture or a map on the wall?
[焦点七]有关一般现在时的常见错误有如下几种:
1. be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中。例如: 误:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
正:We plant (plant) the trees in spring.
解析:同学们往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”,这是学习英语最忌讳的。在一般现在时中,be动词是表状态,行为动词是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中。
2. 第三人称单数形式易出错。例如:
误:He plaies (play) football very well.
正:He plays (play) football very well.
误:Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
正:Danny goes (go) to school at 7:10.
解析:以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变第三人称单数形式是把y换成i再加es。与名词变复数不同,以o结尾的动词第三人称单数形式是在词尾加es。
3. 在句式变换时易出错。例如:
误:Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
正:Does Jenny have (has) a good friend?
误:Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
正:Brian doesn’t live (not live) in China.
解析:第三人称单数作主语的一般现在时句子进行句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。
4. 对do的理解易出错。例如:
误:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
正:We don’t do (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义:a) 是所有行为动词的总称;b) 是助动词,无实义;c) 是一个具体的行为动词意为“做,干”。此句中的do表示“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。
5. 对主语的 “数”判断有误。例如:
误:Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
正:Li Ming with me is (be) in Beijing.
解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with me在此作状语,不能作主语,故用is。
另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何种时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。
[现场演练]
一、按要求写出下列各句的相应形式。
1. Lucy is at home now. (变一般疑问句)
2. The twins can write some Chinese words. (变否定句)
3. The new student comes from America.(用Japan改成选择疑问句)
二、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. What they (do) in the evening?
2. My English teacher (do exercise) every morning.
3. Han Mei often (have) lunch at 12:00.
4. My mother (not like) apples or oranges.
参考答案:一、1. Is Lucy at home now? 2.The twins can’t write any Chinese words. 3. Where does the new student come from, America or Japan? 或Does the new student come from America or Japan?
二、1. do, do 2. does exercise 3. has 4. doesn’t like
I go to school on foot.
我步行上学。
There are seven days in a week.
一个星期有七天。
He can swim.
他会游泳。
I leave here at 6:30 tomorrow morning.
我明天早上六点半离开这儿。
注意:不少表经常性的时间状语常来“捧场”,像often, usually, sometimes, every day/week, on Sundays等,聪明的同学解题时往往以此为突破口,轻松答题。
[焦点二] 一般现在时的陈述句形式有五大种:
1. 主语+系动词+表语。例如:
There is a river behind my house.
我家后面有一条河。
2. 主语+不及物动词。例如:
We usually go to bed at 9:30 p.m.
我们常常九点半睡觉。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:
She often has porridge for breakfast.
她经常早餐吃稀饭。
4.(1)主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。例如:
Miss Hu teaches us Chinese.
胡老师教我们语文。
(2)主语+及物动词+直接宾语(物)+to/for+间接宾语(人)。例如:
My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.
我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:
You must keep the ground clean.
你们必须保持地面整洁。
[焦点三] 一般疑问句的特点有两个:
1. be动词(am/is/are)与情态动词(can, must, could, would等)为了“一般现在时的一般疑问句形式”这个共同的目标,它们直接“抢至”主语前(即跟主语位置对调)。例如:
Danny is a good student.
→ Is Danny a good student?
We can see some pictures on the wall.
→ Can you see any pictures on the wall?
2. 句中没有am,is,are,can,must等系动词或助动词时,变一般疑问句要在其句首加助动词do或does。例如:
We have six classes a day.
→ —Do you have six classes a day?
—Yes, we do. /No, we don’t.
Jack likes Chinese food very much.
→ —Does Jack like Chinese food very much?
—Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t.
[焦点四] 变否定句有困难,找am,is,are,can,must,could,would等来帮忙!找到就别客气,直接在其后加not!例如:
The twins can speak Chinese.
→ The twins can’t/cannot speak Chinese.
句中没有系动词或情态动词时则加do/does not构成否定句。例如:
My good friend Jack likes Chinese food.
→ My good friend Jack doesn’t like Chinese food.
注意:“I think...”句型变否定句时要以think为中心。例如:
I don’t think he is right.
口语中,因no相当于not any,所以不少名词前也常用no构成否定,尤其是在there be或 have/has句式中。例如:
I have no time (= not any time) to do the housework.
我没时间干家务活了。
[焦点五] 变特殊疑问句,是在一般疑问句前加相应的特殊疑问词,回答则据实相告。例如:
We often get up at 6:30. (→Do you often get up at 6:30?)
→ When do you often get up? (At 6:30.)
[焦点六] 选择疑问句以特殊疑问句或一般疑问句的相关人物、时间、地点等为基础,在其后以or为纽带连接一个或多个选择项目供候选。回答时不用Yes或No。例如:
We can see a picture on the wall. (a map)
→ What can you see on the wall, a picture or a map? 或Can you see a picture or a map on the wall?
[焦点七]有关一般现在时的常见错误有如下几种:
1. be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中。例如: 误:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
正:We plant (plant) the trees in spring.
解析:同学们往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”,这是学习英语最忌讳的。在一般现在时中,be动词是表状态,行为动词是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中。
2. 第三人称单数形式易出错。例如:
误:He plaies (play) football very well.
正:He plays (play) football very well.
误:Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
正:Danny goes (go) to school at 7:10.
解析:以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变第三人称单数形式是把y换成i再加es。与名词变复数不同,以o结尾的动词第三人称单数形式是在词尾加es。
3. 在句式变换时易出错。例如:
误:Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
正:Does Jenny have (has) a good friend?
误:Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
正:Brian doesn’t live (not live) in China.
解析:第三人称单数作主语的一般现在时句子进行句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。
4. 对do的理解易出错。例如:
误:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
正:We don’t do (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义:a) 是所有行为动词的总称;b) 是助动词,无实义;c) 是一个具体的行为动词意为“做,干”。此句中的do表示“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。
5. 对主语的 “数”判断有误。例如:
误:Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
正:Li Ming with me is (be) in Beijing.
解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with me在此作状语,不能作主语,故用is。
另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何种时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。
[现场演练]
一、按要求写出下列各句的相应形式。
1. Lucy is at home now. (变一般疑问句)
2. The twins can write some Chinese words. (变否定句)
3. The new student comes from America.(用Japan改成选择疑问句)
二、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. What they (do) in the evening?
2. My English teacher (do exercise) every morning.
3. Han Mei often (have) lunch at 12:00.
4. My mother (not like) apples or oranges.
参考答案:一、1. Is Lucy at home now? 2.The twins can’t write any Chinese words. 3. Where does the new student come from, America or Japan? 或Does the new student come from America or Japan?
二、1. do, do 2. does exercise 3. has 4. doesn’t like