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脑血管扩张剂可解除脑血管痉挛.改善侧支循环,使缺血区供氧增加.临床上广泛用于脑梗塞、脑动脉硬化、脑外伤后遗症、高血压脑病等.脑血管扩张剂大致分二类,一类是直接松弛血管平滑肌或通过作用于血管受体使血流量增加;另一类是通过兴奋脑代谢使血管周围CO_2增加而扩张血管。部分药物兼有二种作用.1 钙拮抗剂以脑益嗪、氟桂嗪、尼卡地平和尼莫地平对脑血管的解痉作用最强.脑益嗪兼有抗组胺作用.用法:25～50mg,2～3次·d~(-1).尼莫地平除通过阻断血管平滑肌钙通道发挥作用外.对神经细胞还有直接作用.它可影响突触前神经递质的释放和再摄取,抑制Na~+—Ca~(2+)交换.使细胞内Ca~(2+)降低.目前尼莫地平已作为脑血管扩张剂的常用药。口服为30mg,2～3次·d~(-1).2 麦角碱类如海得琴,因化学结构中有去甲肾上腺素、
Cerebrovascular vasodilator can relieve cerebral vasospasm and improve collateral circulation, the oxygen supply to the ischemic area increased.Clinically used widely in cerebral infarction, cerebral arteriosclerosis, traumatic brain injury sequelae, hypertensive encephalopathy, etc. Cerebrovascular dilator roughly The second category is the direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle or by acting on the vascular receptors to increase blood flow; the other is by excitement of brain metabolism so that increased blood vessels around the vessel and dilation of blood vessels. Part of the drug has two kinds of effects.1 Calcium antagonists to cerebral Yizi, flunarizine, nicardipine and nimodipine the strongest role in the spasm of cerebrovascular.Nasinizine both antihistamines.Usage: 25 ~ 50mg, 2 ~ 3 times · d ~ (-1) .Nimodipine has a direct effect on nerve cells in addition to blocking the calcium channel of vascular smooth muscle.It can affect the release of presynaptic neurotransmitter And reuptake, inhibit Na ~ + -Ca ~ (2+) exchange, so that intracellular Ca ~ (2+) decreased.Nimodipine has been used as a common drug for cerebrovascular dilatation. Oral for 30mg, 2 ~ 3 times · d ~ (-1) .2 ergot alkaloids such as sea Qin, due to the chemical structure of norepinephrine,