周雪光如果说历史上的“三明治”结构使得皇权对基层社会治理无力,但也因此缓和了国家与社会的直接冲突,那么今天由于官僚体制强有力的中间连接,国家不得不直接面对充满紧张的社会,其合法性基础不断受到质疑和挑战。如此,官僚体制成为国家治理的一把双刃剑。 Zhou Xueguang If the historic structure of “sandwiches” made the imperial power weak at the grassroots level of social governance, it also eased the direct clashes between the state and the society. Nowadays, due to the strong middle connection of the bureaucracy, the state has to confront the full Tense society, the basis of its legitimacy continue to be questioned and challenges. In this way, the bureaucracy becomes a double-edged sword of state governance.