自从腺苷及其衍生物应用于临床后,腺苷通路一直是药物研究的重要靶点,腺苷可以通过4种G蛋白偶联的腺苷受体(AR)启动其调节功能。在炎症环境中,表达这些AR的免疫细胞,能够受到腺苷的调节。腺苷在炎症和免疫系统领域的应用,让人们更加重视以AR为基础的治疗。本文综述了腺苷的代谢、AR信号通路和各种免疫细胞上AR的调节功能,期望在感染、自身免疫、缺血和退行性疾病中,腺苷及其衍生物能够发挥治疗作用。 Since adenosine and its derivatives have been clinically used, adenosine access has been an important target for drug discovery. Adenosine can initiate its regulatory function through four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs). In an inflammatory environment, immune cells that express these ARs are regulated by adenosine. The application of adenosine in the field of inflammation and immune system, make people pay more attention to AR-based treatment. This review summarizes adenosine metabolism, the AR signaling pathway, and the regulatory function of AR on various immune cells. It is expected that adenosine and its derivatives will play a therapeutic role in infections, autoimmunity, ischemia and degenerative diseases.