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法国刑事诉讼程序的改革开始于1957年,完成于1959年;新程序生效以来,又经过几次修改。本文目的是简单介绍法国现行的刑事案件审判程序。法国刑法规定有三个等级的罪行,即:重罪、轻罪和违警罪。等级的划分以法律上规定应处刑罚的轻重为准。例如,违警罪可处二年以下徒刑和二千新法郎以下罚金;轻罪可处五年以下监禁或徒刑,以及二千新法郎以上的罚金,重罪可处更重的刑罚,如死刑或苦役。在大多数案件中,对犯罪人的追诉是以预审法官对案件进行侦查作为第一步。对每一级罪行,法律规定了不同的诉讼程序。之所以规定不同的程序,是为了给被告人提供与一旦被定罪时可能判处的刑罚的轻重程度相称的保护措施。
The French criminal procedure reform began in 1957, completed in 1959; the new procedure came into effect, and after several changes. The purpose of this article is to give a brief introduction of the current French criminal trial procedure. French criminal law provides for three levels of crime, namely: felony, misdemeanor and crime of crime. The classification of the law should be sentenced to the severity of punishment shall prevail. For example, crimes of crime may be punished by imprisonment of not more than two years and not more than 2,000 new fines; misdemeanors may be subject to imprisonment or imprisonment of up to five years and a fine of more than 2,000 new francs; heavier felonies such as the death penalty or Hard labor. In most cases, the prosecution of the perpetrator is based on a preliminary examination of the case by a pre-trial judge as a first step. The law provides for different procedures for each level of crime. The different procedures were set out to provide the accused protection measures commensurate with the degree of punishment that may be imposed on conviction.