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为明确复杂地表产流产沙规律及其与水流阻力的关系,采用间歇性人工模拟降雨实验,开展了黄土高原的裸坡、人工掏挖、鱼鳞坑、等高沟垄四种典型坡面在五场降雨条件下的水沙演化过程、阻力来源及阻力规律研究。结果表明:鱼鳞坑、人工掏挖两种措施均以降雨时间到达55 min为临界点,继续降雨则其蓄水拦沙的作用失效。各地表水流阻力均来源于降雨阻力、颗粒阻力、形态阻力的叠加。地表输沙率与水流阻力之间均表现出负相关,输沙率随水流阻力的增大而下降。鱼鳞坑、等高沟垄措施在一定的降雨历时范围内均具有显著的减流减沙效应,而较之鱼鳞坑,等高沟垄在延缓径流,控制侵蚀方面具有更好的效用。
In order to clarify the relationship between the law of runoff and sediment production on the complex surface and its relationship with the flow resistance, four typical slope types of five types of typical slope on the loess plateau, artificial excavation, fish scale pit, Study on Evolution Process of Water and Sediment, Source of Resistance and Resistance Law under Field Rainfall. The results showed that both the scales of scale and artificial excavation were both cut off by the rainfall time of 55 min. Surface water flow resistance all come from rainfall resistance, particle resistance, superposition of form resistance. The relationship between surface sediment transport rate and water flow resistance showed a negative correlation. The sediment transport rate decreased with the increase of water flow resistance. The scale-scale furrows and contour furrows and furrows all have significant effects of reducing flow and reducing sediment within a certain rainfall duration. Compared with fish-scale pits, contour ditches and furrows have a better effect in retarding runoff and controlling erosion.