【摘 要】
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Plants resist viral infection through multiple mechanisms.These include physical barriers,activation of NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEINS(NLRs),autophagy,biosyn-thesis of defense-related phytohormones,and RNA interference(RNAi).RNAi suppress
【机 构】
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The Sainsbury Laboratory,University of East Anglia,Norwich Research Park,Norwich NR4 7UH,UK
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Plants resist viral infection through multiple mechanisms.These include physical barriers,activation of NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEINS(NLRs),autophagy,biosyn-thesis of defense-related phytohormones,and RNA interference(RNAi).RNAi suppresses the expression of viral RNA and is conserved across several eukaryotic kingdoms.During infection,RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASES(RDRs)amplify viral RNA fragments into double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs).DICER-LIKE ENDORIBONUCLEASES(DCLs)then cleave these dsRNAs into small interfering RNAs(siRNAs),which associate with RNASE H-LIKE ARGONAUTES(AGOs)and form RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEXES(RISCs).siRNAs guide RISCs to cleave homologous viral RNA fragments and repress viral replication(Fang and Qi,2016).While RNAi has been extensively studied over the past few decades,the initial cues that prime the expression of RNAi-related genes during viral infection remain unclear.A recent study by Liu and colleagues sheds new light on the regulation of RNAi during the early stage of infection(Wang et al.,2021).
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