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五四运动既是一场爱国救亡运动,又是一场文化启蒙运动。近年以来,其反封建文化启蒙的任务,特别受到大家的重视和关注。目前研究者流传着近代文化变革三阶段的论点。所谓“三阶段”,即指中国跨入近代社会以后,中西方文化发生激烈冲突,中国的旧文化节节败退,发生变化。洋务运动时期,文化的物质层面发生了变革,戊戍变法和辛亥革命时期,文化的制度层面发生了变革,到了五四运动时期,文化的观念和心理层面又发生了变革。这三个阶段递次演进,由浅入深,构成了中国近代首尾相贯,连绵不断的文化变革进程。五四新文化运动触及了社会最深处的观念和心理层面,因此,是中国传统文化与西方文化最深刻、最猛烈的撞击。这一撞击是如何发生的?它的背景和结果究竟如何?中国先进的知识分子如何进行文化选择?
May 4th Movement is a Patriotic Salvation Movement and a Cultural Enlightenment Movement. In recent years, its anti-feudal cultural enlightenment mission has received great attention and attention from everyone. At present, researchers circulate the three stages of modern cultural change. The so-called “three stages” means that after China entered the modern society, intense clashes broke between the Chinese and Western cultures, and the old Chinese culture retreated and changed gradually. In the period of the Westernization Movement, the material level of culture has undergone a change. During the May Revolution and the 1911 Revolution, the institutional level of culture changed. By the time of May Fourth Movement, the concept of culture and the psychological level changed again. The three phases evolve in sequence, changing from shallow to deep, forming the continuous and consistent process of cultural change in modern China. The May Fourth New Culture Movement touches on the most profound social and psychological aspects of the society. Therefore, it is the deepest and most violent collision between Chinese traditional culture and Western culture. How did this impact happen? What exactly is its background and result? How advanced Chinese intellectuals make cultural choices?