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由作业活动引起的肌肉骨骼损伤称为职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSD)。根据损伤部位的差异,WMSD分为下背痛(low back pain,LBP)和上肢肌肉骨骼疾患(upper extremity disorders,UED)等。UED又可区分为腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)和颈肩腕综合征(neck-shoulder-wrist syndrome)。作为一种常见的职业性多发病,WMSD已成为工业发达国家职业安全和健康的主要问题。美国劳动统计局2003年的资料表明,WMSD是对工人保险赔偿中最主要的部分,至少有1/3的工时损伤是由WMSD引起的。随着我国工业化进程的不断推进,WMSD也已成为职业卫生和健康工作的新课题。对WMSD的病因研究主要集中在生物力学因素方面。Malchaire等通过荟萃分析(Meta-analysis)发现,重复操作、不良姿势、静态负荷、体力负荷、振动和举物频率等会诱发
Musculoskeletal injuries caused by work activities are called work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). WMSD is divided into low back pain (LBP) and upper extremity disorders (UED) depending on the site of the injury. UED can be further distinguished as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and neck-shoulder-wrist syndrome. As a common and frequently occurring occupational disease, WMSD has become a major problem in occupational safety and health in industrialized countries. According to 2003 data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, WMSD is the most important part of workers’ compensation insurance. At least one-third of the work-time injuries are caused by WMSD. With the continuous progress of China’s industrialization, WMSD has also become a new topic in occupational health and health work. The etiology of WMSD mainly focused on biomechanical factors. Malchaire et al found by meta-analysis (Meta-analysis) found that repeated operation, bad posture, static load, physical load, vibration and frequency of such events will be induced