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[目的]探讨小麦—水稻轮作制中磷肥、钾肥合理分配技术。[方法]采用田间磷钾分配运筹试验,研究在轮作周期内磷、钾肥总用量不变的前提下,磷钾不同分配比例对小麦、水稻产量构成因素及产量的影响。[结果]小麦季、水稻季以及整个轮作周期作物总产量均以处理⑤(小麦季磷钾肥用量分别占轮作周期总用量的70%和30%,水稻季磷钾肥用量分别占轮作周期总用量的30%和70%)产量最高,而麦季不施磷、稻季不施钾的处理②产量最低。小麦季不施用磷肥导致小麦有效穗数大幅度降低是小麦显著减产的主要原因。水稻季不施钾肥使穗粒数降低是水稻显著减产的重要因素。[结论]在保证整个轮作周期磷、钾肥总量一定时,可以将磷肥重施于小麦季,而钾肥可以主要施于水稻季。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the reasonable allocation of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in wheat-rice rotation system. [Method] The experiment of phosphorus and potassium allocation in field was conducted to study the effects of different P and K distribution proportion on yield components and yield of wheat and rice on the premise of no change of total phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the rotation cycle. [Result] The total crop yield of wheat season, rice season and the whole crop rotation cycle were both treated ⑤ (P and K in winter wheat accounted for 70% and 30% of the total cycle, respectively. 30% and 70%) had the highest yield, while the wheat season did not apply phosphorus, and the treatment with no potassium applied in the rice season had the lowest yield. The main reason for the significant yield reduction of wheat was the drastic reduction of the effective spike number of wheat caused by no application of P in the wheat season. The reduction of grain number per spike during the non-application of potassium fertilizer during rice season is an important factor for the significant decrease of rice yield. [Conclusion] Phosphorus fertilizer could be reapplied to the wheat season while ensuring the total phosphorus and potassium in the whole rotation cycle, while the potash fertilizer could be mainly applied in the rice season.