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本文主要以20世纪50年代关中农村皮影戏的历史文化实践为考察对象,提出“组织-动员-参与-建构”的农民文化主体性的生成机制。从延安时期以来,农民的主体性问题就被反复讨论,其焦点在于农民作为阶级的主体意识与社会主义之间的关系。到了80年代,“主体性”概念风靡全国,吊诡的是,恰恰是这时,农民的主体性从话语和实践层面双重消失,“主体性”的概念被去政治化,从阶级和总体的主体性滑向了人文和个体的主体性。因而重返50年代,讨论农民文化主体性问题,是否会探索出一种引导中国未来文化走向的可能性?
This paper mainly focuses on the historical and cultural practices of rural shadow play in Guanzhong in the 1950s and puts forward the formation mechanism of peasant cultural subjectivity with “organization-mobilization-participation-construction”. Since the Yanan period, peasants’ subjectivity has been discussed repeatedly, with the focus on the relationship between the subjective consciousness of peasants as a class and socialism. By the 1980s, the concept of “subjectivity” swept the country. Paradoxically, precisely at this moment, the peasants’ subjectivity disappears both in discourse and in practice, and the concept of “subjectivity” is de-politicized. From the perspective of class And the overall subjectivity slid to the subjectivity of humanity and individual. Returning to the 1950s, therefore, to discuss the issue of peasant cultural subjectivity, would we explore the possibility of guiding the future of China’s culture?