一、社会动荡与乡约格局的畸变“乡约”做为一种区域性的基层教化组织形式,历来均以儒教的精神感化为其运作的核心功能。“乡约”制度形成之初,基本遵循蓝田吕氏兄弟制订的约文“凡同约者德业相劝,过失相规,礼俗相交,患难相恤。有善则书于籍,有过或违约者亦书之”。多少带有民众自发聚合的契约性质,一些地方绅士也往往以“乡约”的纯粹教化精神做为区别于世俗吏治的主要标帜。清初,一些上层统治者开始以宣讲圣谕的形式强行介入“乡约”的传统组织,使其正式转型为吏治的附属机构,乡约的纯粹教化功能发生了畸变。“乡约”性质的转变固然与“吏治”原则对基层乡 I. Disturbances of Social Turmoil and Township Structure As a regional form of grassroots organizations, the “Township Covenant” has always been the spiritual function of Confucianism as the core function of its operation. At the beginning of the formation of the “Township Covenant” system, the basic provisions of the Covenant “formulated by the Brotherhood of Lantian Lu are” Persons who persuade them to act in the same ethical code, with negligence, etiquette and courtesy, suffering and compassionate. Who also book “. With the contractual nature of spontaneous aggregation of the people, some local gentlemen tend to use the purely enlightenment spirit of ”Township Covenants“ as the main criterion that distinguishes them from secular official administration. In the early days of the Qing Dynasty, some upper rulers began to forcefully intervene in the traditional organization of ”Township Covenants“ in the form of preaching the ordination and officially transformed them into affiliates of official circles. The pure enlightenment function of the rural patriarchs was distorted. Of course, the nature of the ”township treaty“ has changed from the principle of ”official management" to the grassroots townships