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国家对行会规则与行业自治的尊重,实际是法治社会对微观公共权力再分配格局的确认。现代社会行会规则具有典型的自组织特征,其自利和自治的出发点有排除国家法干涉的天性。基于工商业对现代社会运转的巨大影响,各种行会规则对行业的自治不可避免会影响其他组织或人群的公共福利。一旦行会规则在自治权的行使上于公共利益有损,法律则须对其自治权进行限制,公益诉讼是可行的限制方式。如果行会规则在自治中形成对该行业秩序的良性维护,则可能被国家立法吸收,成为全社会福利。
The state’s respect for the rules of guilds and the autonomy of industries is actually the confirmation of the redistribution pattern of micro-public power by law-based society. The rules of guild in modern society are typical self-organizing characteristics. The starting point of self-interest and autonomy has the nature of excluding the interference of state law. Based on the tremendous influence of business and industry on the operation of modern society, the autonomy of various guild rules on the industry inevitably affects the public welfare of other organizations or people. Once the guild rules in the exercise of autonomy in the public interest is detrimental, the law must limit its autonomy, public interest litigation is a viable restriction. If the guild rules form a virtuous safeguard for the industry order in autonomy, it may be absorbed by the national legislation and become a social welfare.