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生源论是以种族差异来解释自由的起源和民族精神的观念。这种成熟于德国的理论指出,自由的精神源于古代日耳曼人并由此发展出近代的代议制政府体制。从19世纪中期开始,生源论在美国进一步被发扬光大。浪漫主义史学家在探寻美国国家特性的过程中,引入生源论来证明美国精神的独特性及美利坚的民族使命。19世纪后期,在科学的历史学建立起来以后,美国的专业史学家仍然以生源论为解释美国历史的模式,以彰显建立在英式自由基础上的美国民主制度的优越性。到20世纪初期,美国的史学发展与探寻国家特性结合在一起。其中生源论为美国的国家构建提供了理论和历史的依据,却使美国的国家历史叙述中不可避免地带有失真的成分。
Student-origins theory is a concept of ethnic origin that explains the origins of freedom and ethos. This mature theory in Germany points out that the spirit of freedom stems from the ancient Germanic people and thus develops the modern system of representative government. Since the mid-19th century, the theory of student life has been further developed in the United States. Romantic historians, in exploring the national identity of the United States, introduced the theory of student-origins to prove the uniqueness of the American spirit and the national mission of the United States. In the late 19th century, after the establishment of scientific history, professional historians in the United States still used the theory of student-origination as a model to explain American history to demonstrate the superiority of the American democracy based on British freedom. By the early 20th century, the development of American history combined with the exploration of national characteristics. The theory of student-origination provides theoretical and historical basis for the nation’s construction of the United States, but inevitably distorts the historical narrative of the United States.