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目的:探讨抗肝纤维化治疗对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者3年发生肝癌的影响。方法:纳入首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院2008年10月至2016年8月住院诊断为乙型肝炎肝硬化患者1 049例，收集临床资料，通过COX回归分析找到影响乙型肝炎肝硬化患者3年发生肝癌的独立影响因素。根据患者是否抗纤维化治疗≥6个月分为联合组和抗病毒组，联合组388例，抗病毒组661例，联合组在抗病毒基础上加用抗肝纤维化中成药，抗病毒组进行抗病毒治疗。比较两组患者3年内肝癌发生率，并进一步分析不同Child-Pugh分级和mPAGE-B风险患者的肝癌发生情况。数据比较采用独立样本n t检验、Mann-Whitney n U检验、n χ2检验或者Fisher's精确概率法分析。n 结果:抗肝纤维化治疗是预防乙型肝炎肝硬化患者3年发生肝癌的独立保护因素（n P < 0.05），联合组患者3年内肝癌发生率低于抗病毒组（10.3%与15.4%， n χ2 = 5.480，n P < 0.05）。Child-Pugh分层分析发现，Child-Pugh A级患者肝癌风险显著降低（6.7%与12.6%， n χ2 = 2.857，n P = 0.040）。mPAGE-B高风险患者中，联合组肝癌发生率明显低于对照组（13.7%与19.9%，n χ2 = 6.671，n P = 0.031）。n 结论:与单纯抗病毒治疗比较，在抗病毒基础上联合抗肝纤维化治疗能够降低乙型肝炎肝硬化患者3年发生肝癌的风险；Child-Pugh A级患者、mPAGE-B评分高风险患者是治疗的优势人群。“,”Objective:To investigate the effect of anti-liver fibrosis treatment on the occurrence of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis within three years.Methods:1,049 cases with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from October 2008 to August 2016 were enrolled. Clinical data were collected, and COX regression analysis was used to find the independent influencing factors for the occurrence of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis within three years. According to whether the patients had received anti-liver fibrosis treatment for ≥ 6 months, they were divided into combination and antiviral group. There were 388 cases in combination group and 661 cases in antiviral group. In addition, the combination group received anti-liver fibrosis therapy with Chinese patent medicine on the basis of antivirus, and the antiviral group received antiviral treatment. The incidence of liver cancer within three years were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of liver cancer in patients with different Child-Pugh grades and mPAGE-B risks was further analyzed. The independent samples t-test, Mann Whitney U test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method were used for data comparison.Results:Anti-liver fibrosis treatment was an independent protective factor to prevent liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis within 3 years (n P < 0.05). The incidence of liver cancer in the combination group was lower than antiviral group within 3 years (10.3% vs. 15.4%, n χ2 = 5.480, n P < 0.05). Child-Pugh stratified analysis showed that the risk of liver cancer was significantly reduced in Child-Pugh grade A patients (6.7% vs. 12.6%, n χ2 = 2.857, n P = 0.040). Among high-risk patients with mPAGE-B, the incidence of liver cancer was significantly lower in combination group than control group (13.7% vs. 19.9%, n χ2 = 6.671, n P = 0.031).n Conclusion:Compared to antiviral therapy alone, combined anti-liver fibrosis and antiviral therapy can reduce the liver cancer occurrence risk in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis for 3 years. Patients with Child-Pugh grade A and high-risk group by mPAGE-B scores are the dominant population to receive treatment.