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18、19世纪中国和世界都发生了重大的变化,使人类文明迈进了一大步。中西方文化交流日趋频繁,尤其是西欧国家对中国的研究。这一时期西欧国家内部在政治、经济、思想等各个方面都发生了巨变,而中国也从康乾盛世的繁华走向了封建王朝的衰微,因此,他们对于中国的印象有了改变,不再是过去的一味赞扬,从18世纪许多汉学家和思想家评论中国的著作中可以看出,他们对中国文化产生了怀疑,对中国有了批判的态度。究其原因,是由于西欧的思想解放和他们进步的经济制度,以及中国当时闭关落后、故步自封的国情。
In the 18th and 19th centuries, major changes have taken place in China and in the world, making the human civilization a big step forward. Cultural exchanges between China and the West are becoming more frequent, especially in Western European countries. During this period, the political, economic and ideological changes in Western European countries changed dramatically. From prosperity of Kang and Qian to prosperity of China, the decline of the feudal dynasty led China to change its impression of China. In the past, it was applauded from the comments made by many sinologists and thinkers in China in the 18th century that they were skeptical of Chinese culture and had a critical attitude toward China. The reason for this is due to the emancipation of the minds in Western Europe and their progressive economic system, as well as China’s self-defeating national conditions of the time.