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“市场扰乱”标准的成立是美国国际贸易委员会建议总统启动特别保障措施的必备条件。《1974年贸易法》第421节对“市场扰乱”之构成要件仅有框架性的描述。文章在廓清市场扰乱条款之渊源的基础上,结合委员会的七次“特保”调查,从实证角度阐释了委员会对“市场扰乱”各个构成要件的认定标准,并梳理了委员会对各要件认识上的演变完善之处。在以上论证的基础上,笔者进一步对中美之间近期发生的轮胎特保案中的相关法律问题进行了分析。中国的进口轮胎并不满足“急剧增加”、“实质损害”及“重要原因”三个要件,故而并不构成“市场扰乱”。
The establishment of a “market disruption” standard is a prerequisite for the U.S. International Trade Commission to recommend that the president launch special safeguards. Section 421 of the Trade Act 1974 provides only a frame-level description of the components of “market disruption.” Based on the investigation of the origins of market disruption clauses and the investigation of seven special safeguard committees of the Commission, the article expounds the committee’s criteria for determining the various components of the market disruption from an empirical perspective, The essentials of the evolution of perfection. Based on the above arguments, the author further analyzes the related legal issues in the recent special safeguard case of tire between China and the United States. China’s imported tires do not satisfy the three requirements of “sharp increase”, “substantial harm” and “major reason”, therefore, they do not constitute “market disruption.”