买方市场是过剩市场。如果说短缺引起供给约束,那么过剩就会导致需求约束。在买方市场上,需求约束稳定地处于支配地位。在均势市场上,需求约束也有可能上升到支配地位。不过,这是暂时的。供给约束和需求约束互相转化,乃均势市场的基本特征。拙文《论供给约束》(《中国物资流通》1987年第11期),揭示了市场的一个微观方面。现在来探讨市场的另一个微观方面--需求约束。 The buyer’s market is the surplus market. If shortages cause supply constraints, excess will lead to demand constraints. In the buyer’s market, demand constraints are steadily dominant. In the balance of power market, demand constraints may also rise to a dominant position. However, this is temporary. The mutual transformation of supply constraints and demand constraints is the basic feature of the balance of power market. The article “On Supply Constraints” (“China’s Materials Circulation”, No. 11 in 1987) reveals a microscopic aspect of the market. Now to explore another micro-aspect of the market - demand constraints.