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[目的]通过开展某社区中老年2型糖尿病患者营养现况调查,为在糖尿病患者中开展营养干预研究提供科学依据。[方法]从某社区中选取已确诊的非住院2型糖尿病患者158例为调查对象,采用24h膳食回顾法记录调查对象3d膳食情况,录入“营养之星专家系统”进行膳食分析,并对其进行体检和血糖、血脂、肝肾功能等生化指标检测,以分析其营养状况。[结果]糖尿病患者脂肪和胆固醇摄入偏高,膳食纤维摄入较少,均存在各种营养素如钙、锌、硒等和多种维生素摄入不足。体检结果显示血尿素氮、三酰甘油、游离脂肪酸、糖化血红蛋白、尿微量蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖均值超标。血糖控制率仅为15.2%。[结论]2型糖尿病患者膳食结构不合理,血糖控制不佳,需加强对糖尿病患者合理膳食的指导。
[Objective] To investigate the nutritional status of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly patients in a community and provide a scientific basis for the study of nutritional intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus. [Methods] A total of 158 patients with confirmed non-inpatient type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from a certain community as the survey subjects. The food intake of 3 days was recorded by the 24-hour dietary review method. The nutritional status of star-expert system was used for dietary analysis. Their physical examination and blood glucose, blood lipids, liver and kidney function and other biochemical indicators to detect their nutritional status. [Results] Diabetes patients had high fat and cholesterol intake and less dietary fiber intake. All of them had various nutrients such as calcium, zinc, selenium and so on, and insufficient intake of multivitamins. Physical examination showed that blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, free fatty acids, glycosylated hemoglobin, urine microalbumin, fasting blood glucose, 2h postprandial blood glucose exceeded the standard. Blood glucose control rate was only 15.2%. [Conclusion] The diet of type 2 diabetic patients is unreasonable and the blood sugar is not controlled well. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance of rational diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.