20世纪日本文学全盘接受了法国自然主义文学理论和创作主张,结合日本民族精神及文化特征,形成了日本近现代文坛的自然主义文学大潮。然而,我们也看到,法国和日本自然主义虽然都强调文学的客观性和自然真实性,作品内容极力渲染人的生物属性、生理遗传和情欲,但细细品味起来,由于时代社会的变迁,国家民族的文化差异,审美鉴赏品味的区别等,两国的自然主义文学显示出极大的差异性。本文通过对这种差异进行比较和分析,从而体现出日本自然主义文学的鲜明特点,有助于我们对日本自然主义文学的理解。 Japanese literature in the 20th century fully accepted the French naturalistic literary theory and creative ideas. Combined with the national spirit and cultural characteristics of Japan, Japanese literature formed the tide of naturalistic literature in the modern literary world in Japan. However, we also see that although both French and Japanese naturalism emphasize the objectivity and natural authenticity of literature, the content of the works tries to render people’s biological attributes, physiological genetics and passion. However, due to the changes of the times society, The cultural difference between the nationalities and the aesthetic appreciation of tastes, the naturalistic literature of the two countries shows a great difference. By comparing and analyzing these differences, this article reflects the distinctive features of Japanese naturalistic literature and helps us to understand Japanese naturalistic literature.