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一如果说十八世纪进行的工业革命给人类带来了体力劳动的解放,那么,廿世纪五十年代出现的电子计算机则解放着人类的脑力劳动。这不仅仅指电子计算机逐渐替代了繁重单调的数据演算,而且更深刻地还指它逐渐替代着人类的智能。智能,泛指人类认识世界、改造世界的能力,包括观察、比较、学习、想象、判断、推理、记忆、猜幻、创造、发明等范畴。设想用机器来模拟人类的智能,就是人工智能。通常这类模拟的途径是很多的,专家系统作为一种高级形式,属于知识工程的应用系统,从七十年代起,知识工程一直是人工智能研究中最引人注目的一个方面。
If the eighteenth century, the industrial revolution brought mankind liberation of manual labor, the appearance of electronic computers in the 1950s emancipated human mental work. This not only means that electronic computers have gradually replaced the arduous and monotonous data calculus, but more profoundly, they have gradually replaced human intelligence. Intelligence refers to the ability of mankind to understand the world and change the world, including the fields of observation, comparison, learning, imagination, judgment, reasoning, memory, guesswork, creation, invention, and so on. Imagine using machines to simulate human intelligence, it is artificial intelligence. Usually there are many ways of such simulation. As an advanced form, expert system belongs to the application system of knowledge engineering. Since the seventies, knowledge engineering has been one of the most conspicuous aspects of artificial intelligence research.