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清代的科举无论是从制度上还是从考试内容上来看,无疑是对之前朝代的总结与集大成。在有清一代的113科乡试、114科会试(含博学鸿词科)中,恩科乡、会试有25科,若加上博学鸿词科、经济特科以及加科,则除每三年开一科的定制之外,共计30科。占据清代科举考试开科数量的三分之一。然而学术界目前对恩科的重要性认识并不足。笔者通过对入关后历代皇帝开科取士中恩科比例进行分析,以期引起相关学者对清代恩科的重视。
The imperial examinations in the Qing Dynasty both undoubtedly summed up and gathered together the previous dynasties both in terms of system and content of examination. In a generation of 113 subjects in rural areas, 114 Division will try (including Bo Xue Hong Branch), Enke Township, there will be 25 subjects, if combined with erudite word subjects, economic specialties and Gac, in addition to each Three years to open a subject custom, a total of 30 subjects. Occupy the Qing imperial examinations to open a third of the number of subjects. However, the current academic understanding of the importance of NKE is not enough. The author analyzes the proportion of Enkhbian subjects in the emperors after entering the country in order to arouse the relevant scholars’ attention to Enke in the Qing Dynasty.