毛泽东对封建文化的批判与国民性改造意识是他发动“文化大革命”的真实原因 ,也是他一贯的立场和基本观点。毛泽东在道德伦理体系上与梁启超、陈独秀、鲁迅等人的反旧道德思想有继承关系 ,而武训、梁漱溟等人在道德伦理体系上与儒学传统有着继承关系。毛泽东晚年悲剧的主要原因是他在人心改造问题上“名同实异”两个部分的矛盾。我国实现民主政治必须实行法治 Mao Zedong’s criticism of feudal culture and awareness of national character reform are the real reasons for his launch of the “Cultural Revolution” and his consistent position and basic viewpoint. Mao Zedong inherited the anti-old moral ideas of Liang Qichao, Chen Duxiu, and Lu Xun in the moral and ethical system. However, Wu Xun and Liang Shuming have an inheritance relationship with the Confucian tradition in the moral and ethical system. The main reason for Mao Zedong’s tragedy in his later years is the contradiction between the two parts of “common names and different identities” on the issue of people’s reformation. Our country must implement the rule of law to realize democratic politics