采用NCⅡ交配设计 ,对玉米果穗苞叶数、苞叶长、苞叶宽和苞叶重进行了遗传分析。结果表明 ,苞叶数和苞叶宽的遗传总方差中 ,加性方差占绝大部分 ,遗传上主要表现为加性效应 ,符合加性—显性遗传模型 ,两性状的广义遗传力 (h2 B%)分别为5 4.6 9%和 37.81%,狭义遗传力 (h2 N%)分别为 49.42 %和 2 9.17%;苞叶长和苞叶重的遗传总方差中 ,加性方差虽占大部分 ,但非加性方差也约占 1/ 4 ,甚至接近 1/ 2 (苞叶重 ) ,遗传上除主要表现为加性效应外 ,尚有显性和上位性效应存在 ,两性状的h2 B( %)分别为 6 1.6 2 %和 93.0 1%,h2 N( %)分别为 43.43%和 5 5 .0 8%。在育种上 ,这 4个苞叶性状重点在于对亲本的选配 ,但苞叶长和苞叶重还应重视等位基因的显性效应和非等位基因间的上位性所产生的杂种优势 The NC Ⅱ mating design was used to analyze the genetic diversity of maize ear bracts, bract length, bract width and bract weight. The results showed that among the total genetic variance of bracts and bracts, the additive variance accounted for the vast majority, which mainly showed additive effect, which was in line with the additive-dominance genetic model. The general heritability of both traits (h2 B%) were 5 4.69% and 37.81%, respectively. The narrow heritability (h2N%) was 49.42% and 2 9.17% respectively. Of the total genetic variance of bract length and bract weight, the additive variance accounted for the majority , But the non-additive variance also accounted for about 1/4, or even close to 1/2 (bracts weight), genetically except in addition to the main additive effect, there are dominant and epistatic effects exist, the trait of h2 B (%) Were 6 1.6 2% and 93.0 1% respectively, h2 N (%) were 43.43% and 55.08% respectively. In breeding, the four bracts traits focus on matching the parents, but the bracts and bracts should pay attention to the dominant allele and non-allelic epistasis resulting heterosis