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地震多次波衰减分为多次波模拟和多次波减法两个阶段,两阶段相互关联,且都需要优化,以得到最终的理想结果。“通过反演预测多次波(MPI)”对多次波模型进行迭代更新,就像通常我们在处理线性反演问题中做的那样。我们不必清楚地知道地表和地下构造或震源信号等因素的影响就可以模拟多次波波场。在地震勘探中,这些因素的影响通常是不知道的。然而,与常规的地表多次波衰减方法相比,从运动学和动力学上多次波模型的精度得到了提高,因为MPI方法考虑到了地表反射率的空间变化、震源信号、检波器组合和接收点虚反射,也就是所谓的地表算子。当在第一阶段使用MPI法时,还有效地减少了包括没有去除和改变一次波来衰减多次波的第二阶段的非线性问题。通过海上地震的实际数据实例证明了MPI方法的效果。
Multi-wave attenuation of earthquakes is divided into two phases of multiple simulation and multiple subtraction. The two phases are interrelated and need to be optimized to obtain the final ideal result. “Predicting Multiple Frequencies by Inversion (MPI) ” iteratively updates multiple wave models just as we usually do with linear inversions. We do not have to know clearly the effect of surface and subsurface structures or source signals on simulations of multiple wavefields. In seismic exploration, the influence of these factors is usually unknown. However, compared with the conventional method of surface multiple attenuation, the accuracy of the kinematics and dynamics multiples model is improved because the MPI method takes into account the spatial variation of the surface reflectivity, the source signal, the detector combination and Receiving point of the virtual reflection, which is the so-called surface operator. When the MPI method is used in the first stage, the non-linearity problem of the second stage including multiple waves without decoupling and changing primary waves is also effectively reduced. The effect of MPI method is proved by the actual data of offshore earthquake.