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本研究建立中国刺参(♂)与日本红刺参(♀)杂交组合,通过对杂交子代的胚胎发育进行观察,详细描述其胚胎及幼体各个阶段的发育时序和形态特征,并比较在幼参培育期间杂交苗与中国刺参自交苗的生长和成活。结果表明,在20～22℃时,杂交子代发育至初耳幼体的时间为受精后24h38min,发育至中耳幼体的时间为72h8min,然后经过167h 8min(约7d)发育至大耳幼体,到受精后第9天发育至樽形幼体。樽形幼体后期,纤毛环逐渐退化,浮游能力减弱,幼虫由浮游转至底栖生活。在幼参培育期间,受精后第38～51天,平均水温为25.2℃,杂交幼参的体重特定生长率(SGR)为2.58%,而自交幼参的SGR略高,为3.03%;从受精后第51～80天,平均水温达到27.17℃,杂交幼参的生长速度减慢,SGR减小至0.66%,但平均体质量明显增加,到第80天达到(0.34±0.035)g,而自交幼参活动能力减弱,摄食量明显减少,SGR减小至0.08%,生长近于停滞,到第80天平均体质量为(0.19±0.034)g。自交苗和杂交苗的成活率相差不显著,分别为82.2%和73.9%。这表明,在高温条件下杂交苗种比自交苗种生长优势明显。
In this study, the hybrid combinations of Chinese A. Japonica and Japanese red A. Japonicus were established. By observing the embryonic development of hybrid progeny, the developmental timing and morphological characteristics of embryos and larvae at different stages were described in detail. Growth and Survival of Hybrid Seedlings and Self - Cultured Seedlings of Chinese Setopsis during Incubation. The results showed that at 20-22 ℃, the time of hybrid progeny to early otolith was 24h38min after fertilization, 72h8min to middle ear, and then reached the stage of fertilization after 167h 8min (about 7d) After the first 9 days to develop bottle-shaped larvae. In the late stage of larval larvae, the cilia ring gradually degenerated, the planktonic ability weakened, and the larvae migrated from the plankton to the benthic life. During the period of ginseng incubation, the average water temperature was 25.2 ℃ on the 38th to 51th day after fertilization, and the specific growth rate (SGR) of the hybrid ginseng was 2.58%, while the SGR of the selfed ginseng was slightly higher at 3.03% From the 51st day to the 80th day after fertilization, the average water temperature reached 27.17 ℃. The growth of hybrid ginseng slowed down and the SGR decreased to 0.66%, but the average body weight increased significantly to (0.34 ± 0.035) g on the 80th day The ability of selfing ginseng reduced activity, food intake decreased significantly, SGR decreased to 0.08%, growth nearly stagnated, the average body mass by the 80th day (0.19 ± 0.034) g. There was no significant difference in the survival rates of selfing and hybrid seedlings, which were 82.2% and 73.9% respectively. This shows that hybrids have more advantages than inbreds at high temperature.