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随着新生儿重症监护病房的建立和技术发展,危重早产儿存活率明显提高,但部分存活早产儿遗留脑瘫、运动发育迟缓、视听觉损害等神经发育障碍,严重影响早产儿的生存质量。早产儿远期的不良结局与营养、严重并发症等因素有关。早产儿神经元的发育可能延续至2岁,因此,对早产儿出院后的长期密切随访、评估,对发育异常者及时积极干预等措施可改善其神经系统发育结局。
With the establishment of neonatal intensive care unit and technological development, the survival rate of critically ill preterm infants has been significantly improved. However, part of the surviving premature infants have neuropsychological disorders such as cerebral palsy, motor retardation and audiovisual impairment, which seriously affect the quality of life of premature infants. The long-term consequences of preterm infants and nutrition, serious complications and other factors. The development of neurons in preterm infants may extend to 2 years old. Therefore, the long-term follow-up and assessment of preterm infants after discharge, and the timely and positive intervention of dysplasia can improve their neurological development.