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目的分析某危险废物集中处理处置企业职业病危害程度和卫生防护效果,提出防护建议,为预防控制职业病危害提供依据。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查、工作场所中职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查等方法对某危险废物处置公司进行调查,确定其存在的职业病危害因素,并评价职业病危害防护效果。结果该企业存在的职业病危害因素有粉尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、一氧化碳、有机磷农药、氨基甲酸酯类农药、拟虫菊酯类农药、氰化氢、硫化氢、盐酸、磷化氢、腈类化合物、氨、铅及其无机化合物、镉及其化合物、锰及其无机化合物、硫酸、氢氧化钠、噪声、高温及工频电场等。检测的粉尘、毒物、噪声共20种职业病危害因素中,危险废物暂存库1个点的磷化氢浓度为0.55 mg/m~3,高于其最高容许浓度(0.3 mg/m~3),其余各类职业病危害因素浓度(强度)均符合要求;28名接触人员职业健康检查未发现职业病或疑似职业病。结论该企业现行的职业病防护设施基本达到防护效果,所处理的危险废物种类复杂,需准确识别职业病危害因素,加强应急救援和职业卫生管理,同时定期进行职业健康风险评估。
Objective To analyze the degree of occupational hazards and the effect of health protection in a centralized disposal and disposal enterprise of hazardous wastes and put forward the suggestions for prevention and treatment so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of occupational hazards. Methods Investigate a certain hazardous waste disposal company by on-the-spot occupational hygiene investigation, occupational disease hazard testing in the workplace and occupational health examination, determine the existing occupational hazards and evaluate the protective effect of occupational hazards. Results The occupational hazards of the enterprise include dust, benzene, toluene, xylene, carbon monoxide, organophosphate pesticides, carbamate pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric acid, phosphine, Nitriles, ammonia, lead and its inorganic compounds, cadmium and its compounds, manganese and its inorganic compounds, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, noise, high temperature and power frequency electric field. Of the 20 occupational hazards that were detected for dust, poisons and noise, the concentration of phosphine in the temporary storage of hazardous wastes was 0.55 mg / m 3, which was higher than the maximum allowable concentration (0.3 mg / m 3) , And the concentration (intensity) of the other types of occupational hazards all met the requirements; occupational diseases or suspected occupational diseases were not found in the occupational health examinations of 28 contact persons. Conclusion The current occupational disease prevention facilities of this enterprise have basically achieved the protective effect. The types of hazardous wastes handled are complicated, the hazards of occupational diseases need to be accurately identified, the emergency rescue and occupational health management strengthened, and the occupational health risk assessment should be conducted on a regular basis.