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要将野生亲缘和潜在于更远缘物种的异源遗传物质转移到栽培小麦中可以用两种主要方法:细胞遗传学操纵(染色体工程)和分子技术(遗传工程)。以第一种方法为基础,染色体片段(基因区段)的转移可通过诱导部分同源染色体配对来实现,或通过遗传学的、生理学的、环境的各种方法诱导易位来实现。分子技术是用以转移被克隆的很明确的单个基因或基因的某些部分,这样的基因或基因的部分是衍生自近缘或远缘物种。讨论了这些方法引起遗传变异广泛性的一些优点。
There are two main approaches that can be used to transfer wild relatives and heterologous genetic material potentially more distantly related to cultivated wheat: cytogenetic manipulations (chromosomal engineering) and molecular techniques (genetic engineering). Based on the first approach, the transfer of chromosomal segments (gene segments) can be accomplished by inducing pairing of homologous chromosomes or by inducing translocations through various genetic, physiological, and environmental approaches. Molecular techniques are used to transfer a well-defined single gene or part of a gene that is cloned, such that the gene or part of the gene is derived from a nearby or distant species. Some of the advantages of these methods that cause the wide range of genetic variation are discussed.