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请同学们先看两道中考题：
1. —Lily is coming by _______ plane tomorrow.
—Let’s go to _______ airport to meet her. (四川眉山)
A. a; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; the
2. Lin Lin often practices English _______chatting with her American friend. (山东德州)
A. in B. by C. for D. with
分析：上面的两道中考题均是考查同学们对介词by的掌握情况，答案为：1. D项；2. B项。
英语中，by的用法比较复杂，它既可用作介词，又可用作副词。为帮助同学们能准确运用，现分析如下：
一、by用作介词，后面可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作其宾语。常见含义有：
1. 表示方式、方法或手段，意为“通过；靠；乘（车、船等）”。例如：
I study English by reading English magazines and English newspapers.
我通过读英文杂志和英文报纸学习英语。
They went to Shanghai by train last week.
上周他们乘火车去上海的。
Turn on the computer by pressing this button.
按这个按钮就可启动电脑。
【温馨提示】若是表示具体的交通工具且前面有冠词或形容词性物主代词限定时，介词可视具体情况用in或on，不可用by。例如：
She came on my bike.
她是坐我的自行车来的。
One evening after work, the boy was going home on the train.
一天晚上下班后，那个男孩准备乘火车回家。
2.表示移动方向，从某人或某地的一边到另一边，意为“沿；经由；从……旁边经过”。 例如：
He walked by me without speaking.
他从我身旁经过，没有说话。
I walk by his home every day.
我每天都从他家门口经过。
3. 表示时间，意为“不迟于；在……以前；到……为止”。 例如：
Will you finish writing the article by 5o’clock?
到五点你能写完这篇文章吗？
By the end of last month, we had learned about 2,000 English words.
到上个月为止，我们已经学了约2000个英语单词。
4. 用于被动语态，表示动作的执行者，意为“被；由”。 例如：
The book was written by Lu Xun.
这本书是鲁迅写的。
English is spoken by many people in the world.
世界上许多人说英语。
5. 表示位置，意为“靠近；在……旁边（附近）”，与near意思相近。例如：
What’s that by the telephone?
电话旁边是什么？
My good friend Tom sits by me.
我的好朋友汤姆坐在我旁边。
6. 表示度量、准则和标准，意为“依据（根据）；按照”。 例如：
What time is it by your watch?
（按照）你的表几点了？
Never judge a person by the clothes he wears.
不要以衣着取人。
7.表示被抓住、被接触的身体的某一部分。例如：
She took me by the hand.
她拉住我的手。
二、by用作副词。常见含义有：
1. 表示“经过”，相当于past。例如：
He drove by without stopping.
他开车经过时没有停车。
Please let me get by.
请让我过去吧。
2. 表示“在附近”。 例如：
There was no one by at that time.
那时附近没有一个人。
They were standing by and watching the match.
他们站在一旁看比赛。
三、由by构成的常用短语有：
by oneself（独自）；by the way（顺便说/问一下）；one by one（一个一个地）；by and by（不久以后）；day by day（日复一日）；learn by heart（记住/背下来）；by chance/accident（偶然地/无意中/碰巧）；by far（大量/很多）；by mistakes（弄错/误为/由于差错）；by hand（用手工）；step by step（一步一步地）；by the time（……的时候/在……以前）等。
【跟踪训练】
Ⅰ. 选择填空。
1. —You are so lucky.
—What do you mean _______ that?
A. for B. in C. of D. by 2. No one helped me. I did it all_______myself.
A. for B. by C. from D. to
3. We hadn’t planned to meet. We meet_______chance.
A. of B. in C. for D. by
4. Look at the old man. He makes money_______selling old books.
A. in B. for C. at D. by
5. —_______do you learn English songs?
—By listening to tapes.
A. How B. Where
C. Why D. When
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。
1. 你通常骑自行车还是乘公共汽车上学？
How do you usually go to school,_______or_______?
2. 河边有一家工厂。
There is a factory_______.
3. 那个男孩正靠窗边站着。
The boy is standing_______.
4. 到昨天为止，他们已经看了五部英文电影。
_______they had seen five English films.
5. 我们通过卫星接收节目。
We received programmes_______.
6. 你那样说是什么意思？
What do you mean_______?
7. 随着时间的流逝，可怜的老头死去了。
As time_______, the poor old man died.
8. 您能告诉我您的表几点了吗？
Could you tell me what time it is_______?
9. 昨天我妹妹不小心摔倒伤着了自己。
Yesterday my sister fell down and hurt herself_______.
10. 顺便问一下，你喜欢看纪录片吗？
______________, do you like documentaries?
Key:
Ⅰ. 1～5 D B D D A
Ⅱ. 1. by bike; by bus 2. by the river
3. by the window 4. By yesterday 5. by satellites 6. by saying that 7. went by 8. by your watch 9. by accident/chance 10. By the way
1. —Lily is coming by _______ plane tomorrow.
—Let’s go to _______ airport to meet her. (四川眉山)
A. a; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; the
2. Lin Lin often practices English _______chatting with her American friend. (山东德州)
A. in B. by C. for D. with
分析：上面的两道中考题均是考查同学们对介词by的掌握情况，答案为：1. D项；2. B项。
英语中，by的用法比较复杂，它既可用作介词，又可用作副词。为帮助同学们能准确运用，现分析如下：
一、by用作介词，后面可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作其宾语。常见含义有：
1. 表示方式、方法或手段，意为“通过；靠；乘（车、船等）”。例如：
I study English by reading English magazines and English newspapers.
我通过读英文杂志和英文报纸学习英语。
They went to Shanghai by train last week.
上周他们乘火车去上海的。
Turn on the computer by pressing this button.
按这个按钮就可启动电脑。
【温馨提示】若是表示具体的交通工具且前面有冠词或形容词性物主代词限定时，介词可视具体情况用in或on，不可用by。例如：
She came on my bike.
她是坐我的自行车来的。
One evening after work, the boy was going home on the train.
一天晚上下班后，那个男孩准备乘火车回家。
2.表示移动方向，从某人或某地的一边到另一边，意为“沿；经由；从……旁边经过”。 例如：
He walked by me without speaking.
他从我身旁经过，没有说话。
I walk by his home every day.
我每天都从他家门口经过。
3. 表示时间，意为“不迟于；在……以前；到……为止”。 例如：
Will you finish writing the article by 5o’clock?
到五点你能写完这篇文章吗？
By the end of last month, we had learned about 2,000 English words.
到上个月为止，我们已经学了约2000个英语单词。
4. 用于被动语态，表示动作的执行者，意为“被；由”。 例如：
The book was written by Lu Xun.
这本书是鲁迅写的。
English is spoken by many people in the world.
世界上许多人说英语。
5. 表示位置，意为“靠近；在……旁边（附近）”，与near意思相近。例如：
What’s that by the telephone?
电话旁边是什么？
My good friend Tom sits by me.
我的好朋友汤姆坐在我旁边。
6. 表示度量、准则和标准，意为“依据（根据）；按照”。 例如：
What time is it by your watch?
（按照）你的表几点了？
Never judge a person by the clothes he wears.
不要以衣着取人。
7.表示被抓住、被接触的身体的某一部分。例如：
She took me by the hand.
她拉住我的手。
二、by用作副词。常见含义有：
1. 表示“经过”，相当于past。例如：
He drove by without stopping.
他开车经过时没有停车。
Please let me get by.
请让我过去吧。
2. 表示“在附近”。 例如：
There was no one by at that time.
那时附近没有一个人。
They were standing by and watching the match.
他们站在一旁看比赛。
三、由by构成的常用短语有：
by oneself（独自）；by the way（顺便说/问一下）；one by one（一个一个地）；by and by（不久以后）；day by day（日复一日）；learn by heart（记住/背下来）；by chance/accident（偶然地/无意中/碰巧）；by far（大量/很多）；by mistakes（弄错/误为/由于差错）；by hand（用手工）；step by step（一步一步地）；by the time（……的时候/在……以前）等。
【跟踪训练】
Ⅰ. 选择填空。
1. —You are so lucky.
—What do you mean _______ that?
A. for B. in C. of D. by 2. No one helped me. I did it all_______myself.
A. for B. by C. from D. to
3. We hadn’t planned to meet. We meet_______chance.
A. of B. in C. for D. by
4. Look at the old man. He makes money_______selling old books.
A. in B. for C. at D. by
5. —_______do you learn English songs?
—By listening to tapes.
A. How B. Where
C. Why D. When
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。
1. 你通常骑自行车还是乘公共汽车上学？
How do you usually go to school,_______or_______?
2. 河边有一家工厂。
There is a factory_______.
3. 那个男孩正靠窗边站着。
The boy is standing_______.
4. 到昨天为止，他们已经看了五部英文电影。
_______they had seen five English films.
5. 我们通过卫星接收节目。
We received programmes_______.
6. 你那样说是什么意思？
What do you mean_______?
7. 随着时间的流逝，可怜的老头死去了。
As time_______, the poor old man died.
8. 您能告诉我您的表几点了吗？
Could you tell me what time it is_______?
9. 昨天我妹妹不小心摔倒伤着了自己。
Yesterday my sister fell down and hurt herself_______.
10. 顺便问一下，你喜欢看纪录片吗？
______________, do you like documentaries?
Key:
Ⅰ. 1～5 D B D D A
Ⅱ. 1. by bike; by bus 2. by the river
3. by the window 4. By yesterday 5. by satellites 6. by saying that 7. went by 8. by your watch 9. by accident/chance 10. By the way