路易十六时期的繁荣属于寻租者,而法国大革命属于群众,前者的收益即后者的损失。政府既无法调和两者关系,要推延革命便只有改革。然而寻租者充斥国家机器,阻挠改革,致其一再流产。斗争过程中,政府同时丧失特权者与反特权者的信任,其执政能力随社会基础的瓦解不断下降。因为无法革除积弊,“坏政府”进入最危险的时期,其改革冲动也臻于极致。不得不改革的政府与容不得改革的寻租集团爆发激烈冲突,最终将国家送上暴力革命的轨道。 Louis XVI’s prosperity belongs to the rent-seeking, and the French Revolution belongs to the masses, the former benefits that the latter’s loss. The government can neither reconcile the two. Only reform must be carried out to delay the revolution. However, the rent-seekers are flooded with state machines, obstructing the reform and causing them to miscarry again and again. In the course of the struggle, the government also loses the trust of the privileged and the anti-privileged, and its governing ability declines with the collapse of the social foundation. Because it is impossible to get rid of the longcomings, the “bad government” has entered its most dangerous period and its reform drive has reached its peak. The violent conflict between the government that has to reform and the rent-seeking group that can not be reshuffled will eventually send the country onto the track of violent revolution.