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社群主义与自由主义的根本分歧在于如何对待罗尔斯所说的“权利优先于善”。在《正义论》的语境中,“权利”即是人们拥有基本的自由、机会、财富、收入和自尊的基础,个人的权利神圣不可侵犯。而社群主义则强调人性假设是不同的,认为个人及其自我最终是他或他所在的社群决定的。打个比方,一个生活在现代都市的人和一个生活在北极部落的人,一个是主流话语体系下生活的人,一个是话语体系中甚至体系外的边缘人群,在对于权利的认识上明显有着
The fundamental difference between communitarianism and liberalism lies in what Rawls said about “the priority of rights over goodness.” In the context of “justice,” “rights” are the foundation upon which people have basic freedoms, opportunities, wealth, income, and self-esteem, and their personal rights are sacrosanct. Communitarianism, on the other hand, emphasizes that the assumption of human nature is different and that the individual and his ego are ultimately determined by him or his community. For example, a person living in a modern city and a person living in the Arctic tribes, one is the person living under the mainstream discourse system, one is the marginalized people in the discourse system and even outside the system, obviously in the understanding of the rights