当前,国家已成为众多学者关注和争论的焦点。现代马克思主义者强调,国家应摆脱统治阶级的控制而获得相对的自治;芝加哥学派的经济学家著文论述国家强加于公民头上的昂贵开支;韦伯派学者证明说,国家会历史性地演变成铁板一块的官僚政治;此外,不仅公共选择学者而且政治哲学家们,都致力于探究在决策过程中能够确保公正与平等的统治方式。目前对于国家理论的基本要求和目标尚未有一致的意见。 At present, the country has become the focus of many scholars' attention and controversy. Modern Marxists emphasize that the state should get away from the control of the ruling class and gain relative autonomy. The Chicago School economist wrote an article on the expensive expenses imposed on citizens by the state. Weber sent scholars to prove that the state would evolve historically Iron-clad bureaucratic politics; moreover, not only public choice scholars but also political philosophers are devoted to exploring ways of governance that ensure fairness and equality in the decision-making process. At present there is no consensus on the basic requirements and goals of state theory.