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中国资产阶级革命派和立宪派在辛亥革命时期各自组建了反清与共和的统一战线,其中的革命统一战线是取得辛亥革命成果的必要条件和途径,两派合作推翻了清政府,建立了共和国。因此,所谓辛亥革命,从广义上说是立宪派与革命派合作共同推翻清朝统治的政治运动,从狭义上说是革命派领导的民主主义革命运动。革命派创建共和国的功绩是通过建立革命统一战线而取得的,革命派丧失政权并遭到惨败就是其统一战线工作严重失误造成的,统一战线的成败决定了革命党政治斗争的成败。考察立宪派在辛亥革命中的实际作用,有利于研究民国初年的政治体制的特点,有利于研究中国的国情。立宪派与旧官僚、军官、士绅等旧派的广泛合作,打着“共和”旗号实行军事独裁和开明专制相结合的政治统治,决定了民国初年政治体制。这种体制是立宪派一贯主张的君主立宪政体的翻版和变种。
During the Revolution of 1911, the bourgeois revolutionaries and the constitutionalists of China each formed the united front of the anti-Qing and republics. The revolutionary united front was the necessary condition and way of obtaining the result of the 1911 Revolution. The two factions collaborations overthrew the Qing government and established the republic . Therefore, the so-called Revolution of 1911, in a broad sense, is a political movement in which the constitutionalists and the revolutionary parties jointly worked together to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty and, in a narrow sense, the democratic revolutionary movement led by the revolutionary leaders. The revolutionary achievements of the republic were achieved through the establishment of the revolutionary united front. The loss of political power and the defeat suffered by the revolutionaries were caused by the serious mistakes made by the united front work. The success or failure of the united front determines the success or failure of the revolutionary struggle in the party. Examining the actual role of the constitutionalists in the 1911 Revolution is conducive to studying the characteristics of the political system in the early years of the Republic of China and is conducive to studying China’s national conditions. The extensive cooperation between the constitutionalists and the old factions, such as the old bureaucrats, military officers and gentry, and the combination of military dictatorship and enlightened autocracy under the banner of “Republican” have determined the political system of the early Republic of China. Such a system is a replica and variant of the constitutional monarchy that the constitutionalists have consistently advocated.