基于相关光子的新定标技术,设计了一种自校准光谱辐射源原理样机,该原理样机兼有自校准和目标观测功能,其中观测通道光电探测效率的精确测量是目标观测精度的有效保证。搭建了两通道自校准光谱辐射源原理样机,通过相关光子定标原理实验测量了观测通道的光电探测效率,其测量不确定度优于0.35%。自校准光谱辐射源能够对观测通道的光电探测效率进行实时自校准,观测通道中的任一光学元件透射率的变化不会影响目标的辐亮度测量精度。在待定标通道探测器之前插入一片衰减片来模拟观测通道光电探测效率的改变,以及自校准光谱辐射源对观测通道衰变的敏感度。通过测量插入衰减片前后的光子计数或者符合计数,计算得到衰减片的实际透射率为20.12%,与插入衰减片前后观测通道光电探测效率20.11%的变化率一致,两者相对偏差优于0.049%。实验结果表明,自校准机制下光谱辐射源能够精确监测观测通道光电探测效率的衰变情况。验证了自校准光谱辐射源设计的合理性与可行性,为后续的多通道自校准光谱辐射源原理样机的研制及辐射定标提供技术基础。 Based on the new photon calibration technique, a prototype of self-calibrating spectral radiation source is designed. The principle prototype has both self-calibration and target observation functions. The precise measurement of the photodetection efficiency of the observation channel is an effective guarantee of the target observation accuracy. The principle prototype of two-channel self-calibrating spectral radiation source was set up and the photodetection efficiency of the observation channel was experimentally measured by the relevant photon scaling principle. The measurement uncertainty was better than 0.35%. The self-calibrating spectral radiation source enables real-time self-calibration of the photodetection efficiency of the observation channel, and the change of the transmittance of any one of the optical elements in the observation channel does not affect the target radiance measurement accuracy. Insert a piece of attenuation sheet before the calibration channel detector to simulate the change of photodetection efficiency of the observation channel and the sensitivity of the self-calibration spectral radiation source to observe the channel decay. The actual transmittance of the attenuation plate calculated by measuring the photon count before or after the insertion of the attenuation plate is 20.12%, which is consistent with the change rate of 20.11% of the photoelectric detection efficiency of the observation channel before and after the insertion of the attenuation plate, the relative deviation therebetween is better than 0.049% . Experimental results show that the spectral radiation source under the calibration mechanism can accurately monitor the decay of the photoelectric detection efficiency of the observation channel. The rationality and feasibility of the design of self-calibrating spectral radiation source were verified, which provided the technical foundation for the development of subsequent prototype of multi-channel self-calibrating spectral radiation source prototype and radiation calibration.