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能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,无论是远古时代的钻木取火、油灯马车,还是近现代的蒸汽轮机、汽车电脑,对能源资源的开采利用一直是人类活动的重要内容之一。伴随着社会进步,人类对能源的利用方式不断演化,发生了巨大变化。这种变化体现为科技日新月异的发展和随之而来的能源系统更为广泛的拓展和复杂化。在“康德拉季耶夫浪潮”理论中,自工业革命以来200多年间世界上先后出现的五次技术革命引发的创新浪潮,大都与能源利用直接相关。从
Energy is an important material basis for the survival and development of human society. Whether it is ancient times of drilling firewood, lantern carriage, or modern steam turbine and automobile computer, exploitation of energy resources has always been an important part of human activities one. With the progress of society, mankind’s way of using energy has evolved and tremendous changes have taken place. This change manifests itself in the rapid development of science and technology and the consequent broader expansion and complication of the energy system. In the “Kondratief Wave” theory, the innovation wave triggered by the five technological revolutions that have emerged in the world for over 200 years since the Industrial Revolution was mostly directly related to energy use. From