牙龈卟啉单胞菌是牙周主要致病菌之一,为革兰阴性专性厌氧无芽孢球杆菌。牙龈卟啉单胞菌的多种菌体成分可诱导宿主的免疫炎症反应,引起牙周组织损伤而致牙周组织疾病。牙龈卟啉单胞菌合成并分泌的多糖聚合物包绕细菌的细胞壁,构成荚膜结构。该结构参与牙龈卟啉单胞菌诱导的宿主免疫炎症反应,为该菌的主要毒力因子之一。根据荚膜多糖K抗原的差异,可将牙龈卟啉单胞菌荚膜分为K1～K6六种血清型。本文就牙龈卟啉单胞菌荚膜结构及其免疫原性等研究进展作一综述。 Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the main periodontal pathogens, Gram-negative anaerobic non-Bacillus bacteria. A variety of bacterial components of Porphyromonas gingivalis can induce host immune and inflammatory reactions, causing periodontal tissue damage caused by periodontal tissue disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis synthesizes and secrete polysaccharide polymers that surround the bacterial cell wall and form a capsule structure. This structure is involved in the host immune-inflammatory response induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and is one of the main virulence factors of this bacterium. According to the difference of capsular polysaccharide K antigen, the P. gingivalis capsule can be divided into six K1 ~ K6 serotypes. This review summarizes the research progress of capsular structure and immunogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis.