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季铵盐类化合物(quaternary ammonium compounds,QACs)是一类广泛使用的阳离子表面活性剂,在环境介质(水、沉积物、污泥等)中普遍存在,尤其在污泥/沉积物中其浓度可达数百甚至上千mg/kg水平。QACs具有高表面活性和中/高毒性,低浓度下即对鱼类、藻类、细菌和无脊椎动物等产生毒害作用,并显著影响与其共存污染物的迁移性和生物有效性,其环境问题已经引起发达国家广泛关注,但在我国研究尚未成熟。因此,本文综述了QACs在环境介质中的来源、分析方法、污染现状、环境行为及毒性效应,并讨论了目前研究存在的问题,以期为我国开展QACs环境问题的研究提供参考。
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a widely used class of cationic surfactants commonly found in environmental media (water, sediment, sludge, etc.), especially in sludge / sediment Up to hundreds or even thousands of mg / kg levels. QACs have high surface activity and moderate / high toxicity. At low concentrations, QACs have toxic effects on fish, algae, bacteria and invertebrates, etc. and significantly affect the migratory and bioavailability of co-existing pollutants. The environmental problems have been Aroused widespread concern in developed countries, but the research in our country is not yet mature. Therefore, this paper reviews the sources, analytical methods, pollution status, environmental behavior and toxicological effects of QACs in environmental media and discusses the current problems in QACs so as to provide reference for our country to carry out the research on environmental issues of QACs.