Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates(ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi’s population.Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000(277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) and by the world standard population(ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0–74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females.Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer registries have gradually improved. Cancer registries have an irreplaceable role in research on cancer prevention and control. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department must implement efective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China. Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aims to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 regstries of of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. cancer incidences and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates (ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi’s population. Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,3 The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population (ASRIC) and by the 72,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28 / 1,00,000 (277.77 / 1,00,000 for males and 221.37 / 1,00,000 for females) The world standard population (ASRIW) were 186.34 / 1,00,000 and 182.76 / 1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence of (0-74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females. Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data qCancer registries have an irreplaceable role in research on cancer prevention and control. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department must implement efective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China.