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目的 分析新辅助治疗联合手术治疗后复发的食管鳞癌再程治疗疗效及影响预后因素.方法 回顾分析2011-2015年间新辅助治疗+手术治疗后失败的152例胸段食管鳞癌治疗失败后总生存(0S)及不同挽救治疗的疗效及预后因素.Kaplan-Meier法计算OS,Cox模型多因素预后分析.结果 术后首次复发的中位间隔时间为10.6(2.0～69.1)个月.复发后的中位OS期为8.0(0.8～43.3)个月.全组患者复发后的1、2、3年OS率分别为36.0％、15.1％、5.2％.单纯局部区域复发、单纯远处转移、局部区域复发合并远处转移患者进展后中位OS期分别为11.3(1.8～43.3)、6.7(1.2～28.6)、5.1(0.8～22.9)个月.多因素分析显示新辅助化疗、ypTNM分期、复发后综合治疗、局部区域复发与复发食管鳞癌OS相关(P=0.009、0.012、0.000、0.026).结论 新辅助治疗模式、ypTNM分期、复发模式及复发后治疗模式是是影响新辅助治疗+手术治疗后复发食管鳞癌的预后因素.新辅助治疗后复发食管鳞癌总体预后不佳,复发后应根据复发位置、新辅助治疗模式、患者体力状态等因素采用综合治疗模式以使患者取得最大挽救治疗获益.“,”Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery.Methods From December 2011 to December 2015,152 cases of recurrent thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery were retrospectively analyzed.The overall survival (OS) after treatment failure,clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of different salvage treatments were analyzed.OS was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.Prognostic analysis was performed by using multivariate Cox regression model.Results The median interval of the first recurrence was 10.6(2.0 to 69.1) months.The median OS after recurrence was 8.0(0.8 to 43.3) months.The 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates after recurrence were 36.0％,15.1％ and 5.2％,respectively.The median OS of patients with locoregional recurrence alone,distant metastasis alone and locoregional recurrence combined with distant metastasis was 11.3(1.8 to 43.3) months,6.7(1.2 to 28.6) months and 5.1 (0.8 to 22.9) months,respectively.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.009),ypTNM stage (P=0.012),comprehensive treatment after recurrence (P=0.000) and locoregional recurrence (P=0.026) were independently correlated with the OS of patients with recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions Neoadjuvant therapy,ypTNM stage,recurrence pattern and postrecurrence treatment are the independent risk factors for clinical prognosis of patients with recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery.Clinical prognosis of patients with recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy is not satisfactory.After recurrence,combined treatment mode should be adopted according to the site of recurrence and neoadjuvant treatment mode to maximize the benefits of salvage treatment.