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(1)土家语倾向于采用背景先于焦点的语序,与汉语相似,在认知空间关系时,均采用概括扫描的方式,相似的概念化过程体现了认知共性;(2)在表达“里/外”和“上/下”关系时,背景和焦点的某些突显性特征会影响认知过程和识解方式,当背景具有容器类原型特点和焦点具有生命性特点时,二者分别出现在句首的频率更高;(3)由于受不同视角的影响,在表达“前/后”关系时焦点出现在背景之前的频率明显提高;(4)人在意义的建构中具有主观能动性,空间关系的表征是主客观的统一。
(1) Tujia language tends to adopt the language order of background prior to focus, which is similar to Chinese. In the process of cognitive spatial relations, generalized scanning is adopted. Similar conceptualization process reflects commonality of cognition. (2) Some prominent features of the background and the focus affect the cognitive process and the way of understanding when the relationship between the inner / outer and the upper / lower “relationship. When the background has the container prototype features and the focus has the life characteristics, (3) the frequency of the focal point appearing before the background is significantly increased when expressing the relationship of ”anterior / posterior" because of different perspectives; (4) The construction has the subjective initiative, and the representation of the spatial relationship is the subjective and objective unity.